The transcriptome is comprised of different populations of RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and other non-coding RNA (such as microRNA, lncRNA). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology allows us to profile the entire transcriptome, including both the coding and the noncoding regions. It also aids in the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in distinct cell populations and provides information on their relative abundance. In addition, it allows us to determine the effects of genetic variant splicing events, identify novel transcripts, detect gene fusions, isoforms and other structural variants, and call single nucleotide variants (SNVs).